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- $Unique_ID{BRK03966}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Maple Syrup Urine Disease}
- $Subject{Maple Syrup Urine Disease Ketoaciduria Branched Chain Ketonuria
- Menke's Syndrome I }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 131:
- Maple Syrup Urine Disease
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Maple Syrup Urine
- Disease) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to
- find the synonyms and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Ketoaciduria
- Branched Chain Ketonuria
- Menke's Syndrome I
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section.
-
-
- Maple syrup urine disease results from abnormal metabolism of the four
- "branched chain" amino acids (protein building blocks), leucine, isoleucine,
- valine, and alloisoleucine. Spasticity alternating with poor muscle tone,
- convulsions, and possibly fatal coma characterize the disease. It derives
- its name from the odor of patients' urine and sweat. Maple syrup urine
- disease is a hereditary condition.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Newborns afflicted with Maple syrup urine disease appear normal at first, but
- develop symptoms several days later. These include the characteristic odor
- of sweat and urine, poor feeding, lethargy, and lack of awareness or
- alertness. Brain damage can occur rapidly and is manifested by spasticity or
- excessively strong reflexes alternating with periods of flaccidity. If the
- infant survives past a few months, mental retardation becomes apparent.
-
- Blood tests reveal high levels of leucine, isoleucine, and valine.
-
- Causes
-
- Maple syrup urine disease results from a defective enzyme blocking the
- decarboxylation of branched chain keto-acids, which include the amino acids
- leucine, isoleucine, valine, and alloisoleucine. The excessive accumulation
- of these substances cause severe neurological damage.
-
- The disorder is transmitted by an autosomal recessive gene. (Human
- traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of the
- interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from the father and
- one from the mother. In recessive disorders, the condition does not appear
- unless a person inherits the same defective gene from each parent. If one
- receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will be a
- carrier for the disease, but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of
- transmitting the disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are
- carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of
- their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five
- percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one from each
- parent and will be genetically normal.)
-
- Affected Population
-
- Both sexes are affected. Maple syrup urine disease is extremely rare.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Maple Syrup Urine Disease should start as early as possible
- after birth. Toxins are removed by peritoneal dialysis with exchange
- transfusions lacking leucine, isoleucine, and valine, or with multiple or
- prolonged exchange transfusions. Positive calorie supplementation is also
- recommended. Children with this disorder must stay on a strict diet
- established by a physician avoiding certain amino acids.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- January 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Maple Syrup Urine Disease, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Families with Maple Syrup Urine Disease
- Route 2, Box 24-A
- Flemingsburg, KY 41041
- (606) 849-4679
-
- Research Trust for Metabolic Diseases in Children
- Golden Gates Lodge, Weston Rd.
- Crewe CW1 1XN, England
- Telephone: (0270) 250244
-
- National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
- Box NDDIC
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 468-6344
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
- contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL 15th ed: R. Berkow, et al: eds; Merck, Sharp & Dohme
- Research Laboratories, 1987. P. 2084.
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Eds.: W. B. Saunders Co., 1988. Pp. 1150, 1159.
-
-